Arthritis is a chronic joint disease in which the cartilage of the joint is gradually destroyed.As the cartilage is damaged, the bones covered by the cartilage change and the bones in the joint capsule.
What does the word joint mean and what is its synonym?
The term joint term comes from the Greek "joint" - joint and suffix "Ozis" - non-inflammatory disease.However, this description is not completely accurate, as arthritis in the joints undergoes some inflammatory changes.In the English -speaking countries, "our" arthrosis in the vast majority of cases is called arthritis (arthritis), i.e. Inflammatory joint disease (ITIS suffix), while we are usually called arthritis, joint damage in rheumatic diseases, infectious, purulent damage to the joint, etc. Sometimes they try to correct this disagreement with another term: arthroso-arthritis, but it is rare.
In modern scientific articles, the word osteoarthritis is more often found (from the Greek word "bone" - bone, "joint" - joint, i.e. non-inflammatory diseases of joints and bones).Similarly, in English-speaking countries, “our” osteoarthritis is called osteoarthritis (Ostheoarthritis), an inflammatory disease of joints and bones.
Usually, we hear a question from patients: "At first, arthritis was diagnosed as me, and now osteoarthritis is already writing. Is it really bad?" In fact, arthritis and arthritis are synonymous, and your doctor talks about the same thing.
As we already pointed out at the beginning, with articulation (osteoarthritis), the cartilage gradually destruction and the bones gradually participate in this process.As the joints of the bones act, sclerosis (compression) first occurs due to the loss of shock absorption properties.Then there are points along the edge of the bone (bones) which are often mistakenly called "salt deposition" - in fact, with the influence of ordinary joints, there is no salt in salt.As the disease furthers, the bones begin to bend, deform, and cysts form: the disease is commonly called deformed joints (osteoarthritis).In old medical books, you can sometimes find the term “disfigured jointization”, but it has almost never been used now.
The exact cause of the development of arthritis has long been believed to be considered unknown, so there is another name for this disease - Idiopathic Arthritis , i.e. arthritis, which is for unknown or spontaneous reasons.Of course, now scientists no longer consider arthritis to a sense of mystery, and the reason for its development is known.Regarding the causes of joints, more about the causes of major and minor joints.
Arthritis affects more of those joints that experience maximum load (hook, knee, ankle, joints of the hand).Arthritis in the hip joint is called melody (from the word "Coxa" - hip), ankle joint - cross arthritis ("crururis" - lower leg), knee - adenotropic carcinoma ("gene" - knee).In most cases, arthritis affects two knee joints, and one of them may be more destructive.In this case, the diagnosis sounds like a bilateral sexual partner with a major damage to the right (or left) knee joint.
Generally, not one, but several joints are affected by the joints, so they use another term -Multilayer arthritis This means that three or more joints have failed (e.g., two symmetrical knees and other knee joints).In this case, the diagnosis usually sounds like this: The main damage to the knee joint (or one of them) by polysomal arthritis.
Why do joints occur?
The joints of the knee joint are different.Depending on the reasons for its occurrence, major joints and secondary arthritis.
Main arthritis of the knee joint
Articular cartilage is constantly destroyed and renewed, and usually these processes are balanced.As we age, the renewal of cartilage slows down, and the destruction of cartilage is called a process of degradation or degeneration, and begins to prevail.
The process of synthesis and destruction of cartilage is usually balanced.If degeneration starts to prevail, then the knee joints will begin
In most cases, degeneration of cartilage, i.e., the development of arthritis, occurs after 45-50 years, but sometimes within 20 years.Fortunately, arthritis development is extremely rare at such a young age.
People tend to be prone to joints to an increasingly large extent.Usually, if arthritis occurs, it is only at the age of 40-60, and if there is no arthritis by the age of 60, then most likely it will no longer be, or arthritis will be trivial (some degenerative changes in the knee joint (discovered in all older people), but they are expressed in a different way).
It is important to note that if you do radiographs of all older people, such as 60, almost 90% of people will be signs of arthritis, but not everyone feels that their knees are problematic.This is especially true for men who often have “severe” arthritis, not showing their own performance or causing you the least inconvenience.
The main arthritis occurs spontaneously, i.e. there is no emission factor, so it is called idiopathic, which we talked about before.
Therefore, we have found that age is one of the main factors that determine joint development, because the process of cartilage degeneration prevails with age.The fourth person over 55 years of age suffers from knee arthritis.But we also point out that as we age, joint disease does not develop.So there are other reasons.Before listing them, we noticed that there was no major cause.The articity of the knee joint develops for reasons, while some play a big role and others are less.
Ground.Women with knee joints are often troubled by women.The exact reason for this is unknown, but you can try to explain the following.On average, women have greater life expectancy than men, so ordinary elderly women will have a more clear understanding of the degeneration process.In addition, women have slightly higher weight on average.Women have smaller bone sizes than men, and coupled with higher weight, this can lead to higher pressure on the knee joints, thus making the mechanical damage to the cartilage more intense.In the vast majority of women, arthritis begins to develop after stopping menstruation, and possible estrogen deficiency determines the development of arthritis.Note that attempts to treat estrogen-after menopause women's knee joints are certainly underway, but so far, they have not succeeded.
weight.Of course, the bigger the weight, the load must be transferred to our knee joints.In addition, being overweight can reduce physical exercise and lead to weaknesses in the hip muscles.For a more positive synthesis of cartilage, exercise is required (no excessive stress required), and in a sedentary lifestyle, the process of cartilage ammunition begins to prevail.The hip muscles are important stabilizers of the knee joint, and due to the weaknesses of these muscles, movement in the knee joint becomes more painted, which accelerates the destruction of cartilage.Often, these processes can be described as a vicious cycle: the larger the weight, the faster the knee joints are destroyed, the greater the pain, and the more difficult it is to move, which again leads to overweight.
A vicious cycle of obesity and joint articulation
On the other hand, only the articulation of the knee joint only occurs in the whole person - those without obesity will also suffer from arthritis.Again, this is because there is no reason for arthritis.
Genetics. It has long been noted that knee joints are a “family” disease.If you have arthritis or parents, unfortunately, the possibility of this disease is high.Scientists have discovered many genetic features, such as these, such as the individual features of the cartilage major cartridge - collagen, but unfortunately, so far, these findings have no practical significance because we cannot affect the prevention or treatment of arthritis.There is evidence that the inheritance of arthritis spreads along the female lines, which partly explains their huge trend towards the disease.
The main articity of the knee joint occurs not only for some reason, but only for its integrity.Meanwhile, the articity of the knee joint is somewhat one or the other among all over the age of 60, but the severity of arthritis varies greatly and is not always the joint effect found on radiographs.In fact, this is even more difficult: the knee joints of the elderly do not have any pain, or at age 40-60, changes in the characteristics of the arthritis.
For example, scientists have found that 76% of older people complain about radiography knee pain and found joints.In other words, knee pain in the elderly is not arthritis in the knee joint. Meanwhile, only 81% of all elderly people with knee arthritis found on radiographs complain about pain.In other words, joint damage is not always present.
Strictly speaking, the severity of the pain is not necessary to be associated with the severity of the knee joints on X-rays.It happens that the changes on the X-ray are totally insignificant and the pain is very high, instead it happens: the joints are completely destroyed on the X-ray and a person can ride a bicycle, do yoga, work as a malaria, and we encounter this almost every day.
The joint frequency of the knee joints is higher, starting from the internal (medial) department.
X-rays of the knee joint are affected by the joint from the inside.Blue arrows mark the outside of the joint, orange - the inside of the joint.Note how the gap between the bones has been already: cartilage is not visible on X-rays, and it is this gap that means cartilage.In this case, there is almost no cartilage inside the knee joint and the bones are already rubbing against the bones.
As the cartilage inside the knee joint gradually wears out, the legs begin to bend.Since arthritis usually affects both knee joints, that is, it is bilateral, the legs begin to twist and O-shaped foot deformation occurs.
There is less outside the joint (in about 10% of the cases) affected by the joint, in which case the X-shaped (outward) deformation begins.
Of course, with the bending speed, the load on the internal (with O-shaped) or external (with X-shaped) deformation variants will increase, and arthritis will develop faster and irrevocably.
Arthropathy can not only start inside or outside, but also between the knee cup (patella) and the wrinkles between the femur.This option is called patello-phomoral arthritis, and is usually due to tilt, subluxation of pattern, transverse hyper syndrome separate articles are specifically introduced on or after our website pat , which you can also read in separate articles.
Secondary joints of the knee joint
Arthritis of the knee can also develop for any specific reason, in which case arthritis is called secondary.Now, we will briefly discuss the choice of secondary arthritis.
Traumatic arthritis of knee joint.Of course, knee injury does not increase healthy bonds, and almost everyone (one or the other) increases the risk of arthritis.
One of the most common injuries to the knee joint is the rupture of the bent plate, which is specifically used in another article on our website.Unfortunately, anyone with a curly noodle gap has the possibility of having arthritis.If the medial (internal) meniscus is damaged, arthritis would rather develop inside the knee joint.And, therefore, if the outer bent plate explodes, the outer joint will develop joints.Note that rupture of meniscus does not necessarily lead to arthritis, which is the possibility of its development.Of course, the more meniscus is damaged, the higher the risk of arthritis.
Another cause of joint articulation of knee joints is ligament rupture, such as rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament.Instability may occur due to ligaments rupture in the joint, which of course leads to cartilage damage and the development of arthritis.Naturally, cartilage damage depends on the degree of instability, which may be different.
The damage to the knee joint is more severe, which is a fracture of the tibia or a fracture of the femoral fracture. If the fissure line enters the surface of the joint, then this fracture is called intra-articular.Almost all intra-articular fractures are accompanied by the displacement of the fragments, and therefore the shape of the joint surface changes.The steps that occur due to metastasis inevitably lead to gradual destruction of the cartilage and the appearance of joints.Of course, the heavier the fracture, the greater the intra-articular fracture of the fragments, and the more cartilage is damaged, the higher the risk of arthritis.After severe multi-bone fractures of the tibial con, even if osteosynthesis surgery (eliminate bone fragments and use screws, plates, etc.), the cases of joints still develop in almost 100% of cases.